The Portuguese began planting
sugar cane
on the island of S’o Tome
at virtually the same time
they opened their trade with
the Congo-Angola region,
at around 1480.
Labor demands increased sharply.
S’o Tome planters
by-passed traditional Portuguese
commercial networks and ventured
onto the African mainland
to procure their own slaves.
Patrick J. Carroll, 1991
Bruckhael, 1500