Welcome to the Nineteenth Century: Venezuelan Elections
by Fernando Calzadilla

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References

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http://drclas.fas.harvard.edu/publications/revista/economy/corrales.htm

Crisp, Brian F., "The Venezuelan Electoral System and Interbranch Relations." Paper presented at the XX International congress of the Latin American Studies Association, Guadalajara, Mexico, April 1997.

Garcia Chourio, José Guillermo, "Izquierda y derecha en Venezuela: nuevas fuentes de diferenciación ideológica." Reflexión Política, Año 5 Nº 10 Diciembre 2003, UNAB Colombia, 136-150

Kornblith, Miriam, "Elecciones y Referendos en Venezuela: ¿Quién le teme al soberano?" Paper presented at Venezuela en la encrucijada. Consecuencias de la primera crisis sistémica del nuevo populismo latinoamericano, Instituto Ibero-Americano de Berlin, Berlin, October 2003.

Kornblith, Miriam & Daniel H. Levine. "Venezuela: The Life & Times of the Party System." Notre Dame: Kellogg Institute for International Studies, 1993, available from www.nd.edu/~kellogg/WPS/197.pdf [cited in March 2004].

Maingon, Thais, "Comportamiento político-electoral del venezolano y construcción de tendencias: 1998 y 2000." Caracas: Cuadernos del Cendes Vol 49, January 2002, available from www.scielo.org.ve/ scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1012-25082002000100005&lng=en&nrm=iso [cited in March 2004].

Mata, Moisés, "Las Elecciones Presidenciales en Venezuela. Dos Respuestas." AmericaEconomica.com [electronic newspaper] February 13, 2004 [cited in March 2004], available from http://www.americaeconomica.com/numeros4/252/reportajes/venezuela252.htm

Molina, José E, and Carmen Pérez B., "Radical Change at the Ballot Box: Causes and Consequences of Electoral Behavior in Venezuela’s 2000 Elections.” Latin American Politics and Society, Vol 46, Nº 1 Spring 2004, 103-34

Rey, Juan Carlos, “Esplendores y miserias de los partidos politicos en la historia del pensamiento venezolano.” Boletin de la Academia Nacional de la Historia, Nº 343, 2003.

Roberts, Kenneth M., “Social Correlates of Party System Demise and Populist Resurgence in Venezuela.” Latin American Politics and Society, Vol 45 Nº 3 Fall 2003, 35-57.

Valencia, Judith, “Pinchemos el Globo desde la Tierra,” Pensares y Haceres, Revista electrónica de pensamiento y cultura latinoamericana, Año I, número 2, Abril-Mayo 2003 [cited in March 2004]
http://www.ccydel.unam.mx/pensamientoycultura/Pensaresyhaceres/
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Vann, Bill, “Venezuelan and foreign capital size up former coup leader.” World Socialist Website, December 17, 1998 [cited in March 2004]
http://www.wsws.org/news/1998/dec1998/ven-d17.shtml

Photo Credits and sources of photographs used in this article

Figure 1. Photo by Fernando Calzadilla, 2004
Figure 2. Photo by Gregorio Marrero, 2004, AP in http://news.yahoo.com/
Figure 3. Photo by Jorge Silva, 2003, Reuters in http://news.yahoo.com/
Figure 4. Photo by Roberto Hernández, 2000. Published in http://www.analitica.com
Figure 5. Photo Archivo Audiovisual Biblioteca Nacional, Colección Presidentes de Venezuela. Also published by Fundación Polar in Historia de Venezuela en Imágenes.
Figure 6. Photo by Paulo Pérez Zambrano, 2000, El Universal, used by permission.
Figure 7. Photo by Leslie Mazoch, 2004, AP in http://news.yahoo.com/
Figure 8. Photo by Photo by Egilda Gomez, 2004, Miraflores Prensa, published by http://news.yahoo.com/
Figure 9. Photo by Fernando Calzadilla, 2004